Friday 16 September 2011

Development aid and military spending around the world

What is going on at the Excel exposition centre in London's Docklands is something different from the colourful picture left. Every two year the UK capital, in the second week of September, is the hosting place for the Defence and Security Equipment International, the most important arms fair in the world.
Despite the elegant and comforting wording we are actually talking about buying and selling arms .
I don't want to be a moralist or a dreaming pacifist and I am aware that in various countries the military industry is one of the key sectors of the national economy with spin off effects on collateral industries . What I was curious about, after reading about the fair, was to check if there is any correlation or opposite trend in governments' spending for defence and development aid and the distance between the two voices in national budgets by what I came across in data and pages on Internet.
I am not going to reason about the definitions used in the documents reviewed but just presenting data that helped me understand the big picture.
Stockholm International 
Peace Research Institute
According to SIPRI, world military expenditure in 2010 reached $1630 billion, representing  2.6 per cent of global gross domestic product (GDP) or $236 for each person. Spending was 1.3 per cent higher in real terms than in 2009 and  50 per cent higher than in 2001. What is surprising me is the fact that emerging economies, like the BRIC countries, becoming important regional political players, are increasing their military expenditures. In particular, significant increases
continued in 2010 in South America (5.8 per cent) and Africa (5.2 per cent). In contrast, the increases in North America (2.8 per cent) and Asia and Oceania (1.4 per cent) were lower than in recent years, while in Europe spending fell for the first time since 1998 (by 2.8 per cent).



Working in a small international organization, I am aware of the difficulties the overall international aid and cooperation community is suffering for the constant cut spending in aid, despite the efforts made to improve the effectiveness and impact of money invested in development projects and I am figuring out as just converting a 0.2/0.3 % of resources spent in arms could help improve the overall picture. As outlined by the Secretary General in a recent speech, sustainable development is the key point for the future global stability and security is sustainable development. Only regional and global partnership will help dealing with climate change and water and natural resources scarcity and management. Political confrontation and military deterrence cannot be the right path.






The big aid donors

2007 figures. Click heading to sort
Country or Area
Aid as % of gross national income
Aid, $m
Australia0.322668.52
Austria0.501808.46
Belgium0.431952.83
Canada0.294079.69
Denmark0.812562.23
Finland0.39981.34
France0.389883.59
Germany0.3712290.7
Greece0.16500.82
Ireland0.551192.15
Italy0.193970.62
Japan0.177678.95
Luxembourg0.91375.53
Netherlands0.816224.26
New Zealand0.27319.8
Norway0.953728.02
Portugal0.22470.54
Spain0.375139.8
Sweden0.934338.94
Switzerland0.371689.16
United Kingdom0.369848.54
United States0.1621786.9

Aid received by country

2007 figures. Click heading to sort
Country or Area
Aid received per head, 2005, $
Aid received as % of gross national income, 2007
Aid received in 2007, $m
Afghanistan108.83343951
Albania98.183305
Algeria10.990390
Angola27.411241
Anguilla327.19
Antigua & Barbuda85.7404
Argentina2.53082
Armenia63.744352
Azerbaijan23.191225
Bangladesh8.4121502
Barbados-7.3314
Belarus4.38083
Belize46.74223
Benin41.099470
Bhutan140.91889
Bolivia62.984476
Bosnia & Herzegovina133.853443
Botswana38.611104
Brazil1.020297
Burkina Faso47.2114930
Burundi46.4250466
Cambodia37.268672
Cameroon23.291933
Cape Verde316.8912163
Central African Republic22.7210176
Chad37.436352
Chile9.240120
China1.3201439
Colombia11.340731
Comoros31.621044
Congo401.332127
Congo, Dem Rep of31.1
Cook Islands554.29
Costa Rica6.67053
Cote d'Ivoire6.38
Croatia26.820164
Cuba7.7892
Djibouti95.5212112
Dominica221.45619
Dominican Republic8.080128
Ecuador16.061215
Egypt12.3111083
El Salvador29.5088
Equatorial Guinea80.46031
Eritrea79.1313155
Ethiopia24.15122422
Fiji76.83257
Gabon41.69148
Gambia35.9
Georgia67.344382
Ghana49.0881151
Grenada424.95523
Guatemala19.811450
Guinea20.215224
Guinea-Bissau49.4935123
Guyana184.8312124
Haiti55.3811701
Honduras99.374464
India1.5201298
Indonesia10.960796
Iran1.43
Iraq767.259115
Jamaica13.25026
Jordan105.733504
Kazakhstan11.480202
Kenya21.1941275
Kiribati302.162127
Korea, North3.43
Kyrgyzstan40.288274
Lao People's Democratic Republic50.37
Lebanon61.044939
Lesotho34.747130
Liberia68.59120696
Libya3.46
Macedonia, FYR109.72
Madagascar49.8412892
Malawi43.3221735
Malaysia1.070200
Maldives210.33437
Mali59.54151017
Marshall Islands996.122652
Mauritania64.1713364
Mauritius25.73175
Mexico1.80121
Micronesia966.31
Moldova47.34
Mongolia72.026228
Montserrat4939.59
Morocco19.6121090
Mozambique62.54261777
Myanmar2.85190
Namibia60.173205
Nauru889.1326
Nepal15.726598
Nicaragua135.3115834
Niger38.8313542
Nigeria45.5412042
Niue12922.7915
Oman2.05-31
Pakistan9.6922212
Palau1164.111322
Palestinian Territory, occupied288.49
Panama5.85-1-135
Papua New Guinea43.96317
Paraguay8.231108
Peru14.410263
Philippines6.550634
Rwanda62.3722713
Saint Helena3523.99
Saint Kitts & Nevis69.1913
Saint Lucia67.97324
Saint Vincent & the Grenadines40.46
Samoa238.41837
Sao Tome & Principe208.692536
Saudi Arabia0.670-131
Senegal58.528843
Serbia & Montenegro104.01
Seychelles219.103
Sierra Leone61.4533535
Solomon Islands419.567248
Somalia28.82384
South Africa14.590794
Sri Lanka59.72589
Sudan48.4352104
Suriname97.027151
Swaziland40.88263
Syria4.26
Tajikistan35.986221
Tanzania38.8
Thailand-2.850-312
Timor-Leste172.8
Togo13.885121
Tokelau11406.14
Tonga319.041330
Trinidad & Tobago-1.62018
Tunisia37.051310
Turkey6.330797
Turkmenistan3.54028
Turks & Caicos Islands212.6
Tuvalu856.2412
Uganda41.32161728
Ukraine7.860405
Uruguay4.21034
Uzbekistan5.851166
Vanuatu183.081357
Venezuela1.79071
Vietnam22.18
Wallis & Futuna4776.84
Yemen14.281225
Zambia82.28101045
Zimbabwe28.02465
More readings:
SIPRI 2011 yearbook - chapter 4 military expenditure
Unintended Consequences: Does Aid Promote Arms Races?
World Military Expenditures. A compilation of data and facts related to military spending, education and health
Pacifists site against the DSEI
Disarm DSEI
Worldmeters military spending

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